Who proposed the idea that survival symbols reflect earlier customs in rituals?

The idea that survival symbols reflect earlier customs in rituals can be attributed to McLennan. McLennan focused on the concept of survivals, which are elements of cultural practice that persist from earlier stages of society. He suggested that certain rituals and symbols in contemporary cultures are remnants or adaptations of previous customs, providing insight into the history and evolution of social practices. This perspective helps anthropologists understand how current rituals may carry meanings and significance derived from past traditions, giving a deeper understanding of cultural continuity and change.

In contrast, the other figures mentioned have distinct contributions to anthropology. Franz Boas is known for his work in cultural relativism and the idea that cultural practices should be understood within their own context, rather than judged against external standards. James George Frazer is famous for his comparative studies of mythology and magic, emphasizing the idea of a progression through stages of magical, religious, and scientific thinking. EB Tylor contributed significantly to the field with his definition of culture and the concept of animism, but did not specifically focus on the idea of survivals in rituals. Thus, McLennan's focus on survivals distinctly aligns with the question's premise.