What kinship system involves a system of descent that is traced through fathers?

The correct answer, which is patrilineal descent, refers to a kinship system in which lineage and inheritance are traced through the father's side of the family. In societies that practice patrilineal descent, children typically belong to their father's lineage, and family names, property, and titles are passed down from father to son. This system emphasizes the male line as the primary avenue for social and familial identity, influencing social structures, such as inheritance rights and familial obligations.

Understanding patrilineal descent is essential in anthropology as it reveals the cultural significance assigned to paternal relationships in various societies. It contrasts with matrilineal descent, where lineage is traced through the mother's side, showcasing different societal values regarding gender roles and inheritance. This distinction highlights the diversity in kinship practices around the world, making it a crucial concept for understanding family dynamics in different cultures.