What does genetic recombination involve?

Genetic recombination involves the exchange of genetic material between chromosomes, which plays a crucial role in increasing genetic diversity within a population. This process occurs during meiosis, specifically during the prophase stage when homologous chromosomes align and exchange segments of DNA through a process called crossing over. The result is new combinations of genes that can lead to variations in traits among offspring, providing a foundation for the principles of evolution and natural selection.

This genetic variation is essential for the adaptability of species, as it allows populations to respond to changing environments and challenges. In contrast, the other options do not accurately capture the essence of genetic recombination; for instance, simply copying DNA (as described in one of the choices) does not involve the exchange of genetic information and therefore does not contribute to the creation of genetic diversity. Mutation refers to changes in a specific gene, which is a different mechanism of genetic variation altogether. Adaptation, while a result of genetic variation, is a broader concept that describes how species change over time rather than the specific process of recombination itself.