What does allele frequency measure?

Allele frequency measures the occurrence of a particular allele in a population. This concept is crucial in population genetics, as it reflects how common or rare an allele is within a given population at a specific time. By calculating allele frequencies, researchers can understand the genetic diversity of a population, how evolutionary processes such as natural selection and genetic drift may be influencing that population, and how populations can adapt to their environments over time.

For example, if a specific allele is advantageous, its frequency may increase in the population as individuals carrying it have better reproductive success compared to those without it. This direct relationship between allele frequency and evolutionary change is fundamental to understanding gene flow, adaptation, and the overall health of populations.